Glycolic Acid

What is glycolic acid? Glycolic acid is an AHA (alpha-hydroxy acid) with a very small molecule that penetrates deeply into the skin.

What does glycolic acid do? At the right pH (below 3.5), it works as a keratolytic agent, speeding up cell turnover. This helps stimulate collagen production, even out skin tone, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and pigmentation spots.

How to use it

Apply glycolic acid for skin once a day as part of a course. Always use sunscreen during the day.

Suitable for

Oily skin without acne, as well as combination and normal skin. Not recommended for sensitive skin or skin with rosacea due to its high risk of irritation.

Things to know

Combining glycolic acid with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may cause a strong reaction. Also, avoid using it at the same time as retinol, other acids, or irritating ingredients, unless unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Evidence

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Ingredient Overview

INCI name Glycolic Acid

Function Buffering

CAS number 79-14-1

Chemical formula HOCH₂COOH

Common use Face care, body care, hair care

Glycolic Acid alternatives

Lactic Acid Salicylic Acid Mandelic Acid

FAQ

1. Is glycolic acid safe during pregnancy?

Glycolic acid is considered safe for use. However, at high concentrations and a low pH, it can cause skin irritation and other side effects. What is glycolic acid used for exactly? Glycolic acid works as a humectant at pH above 3.5, while its exfoliating properties are active at pH 3.5 and below. Since pH and concentration aren't always known, it's better to choose a safer alternative, such as azelaic acid.

2. Is glycolic acid supposed to burn?

Yes, especially during the first use, but these effects shouldn't be strong or long-lasting. A mild tingling, stinging, or slight warmth may occur within the first 30-60 seconds after application; this is a normal reaction. Still, there may be no reaction at all if the acid concentration is low. It all depends on the overall formula and product purpose. With long-term use of glycolic acid products, skin permeability increases, which may lead to increased sensitivity and breakouts. To ensure glycolic acid benefits outweigh the risks, you should always use glycolic acid in courses or with breaks (for example, once a week).

3. When should I use glycolic acid?

Glycolic acid products should always be applied in the evening to clean, dry skin, usually as a serum or cream. It's not recommended to use glycolic acid regularly in high concentrations, as it can over-dry your skin.